Interesting.
"These losses amounted to €454 million euros for the three groups in 2011"
That doesn't sound like an awful lot when you consider that most national railways are heavily subsidised (although the debt sounds a bit scary).
"Spain's government said that it wanted to improve prices for passengers"
The prices are amazingly cheap already.  I believe the minimum fare on London Underground is £4.30 (paying cash) for one station to the next whereas here you can go from Tarragona to Barcelona for about £4.80 on the regional trains (not including over 60's discount).
"in 2011 there were 176 stations in Spain without a single passenger getting on or off a train during one given day"
And that's another thing.  All but the most expensive trains (AVANT, TRENHOTEL etc.) take about 1.5 hours for the example journey above because they stop at every little station.  Definitely room for improved efficiency here.